Nursing care in Germany
19% of the German population is older than 65 years and 5% is older than 80 years. In 2040, these numbers will increase to 30% and 10% respectively [1]. There are currently 2.6 million people in need of care in Germany [2]. Projections assume that the proportion of people in need of care will increase to 3.4 million in 2030 as the overall population decreases. Currently, around one third of people employ the services of outpatient care providers in Germany [2].
Currently, 15% of employees in the nursing professions were not born in Germany, and therefore have personally experienced migration. The proportion of nurses with migration experience among those nurses in elderly care amounts to 20% [3]. For comparison, the proportion of foreign citizens in Germany currently amounts to 10.5% [4].
Three developments suggest that the proportion of migrant nurses will increase in the future. On the one hand, the proportion of the German population with a migration background will grow in total [5]. Furthermore, more nurses from abroad (e.g. Philippines, Vietnam) are actively recruited for the German labor market [6]. Thirdly, more people in need of care will have to be cared for at home. This leads to an increasing demand for in-house-related or outpatient services. These are increasingly carried out by the so-called 24-hour carers/ live-in caregivers who are placed in German households and originate from Central and Eastern European countries. It is currently estimated that around 100,000 of those live-ins are working in German households [7].
Due to missing data, the question remains unanswered as to whether nurses with immigrant background experience more or other psychosocial and health-related strains in the workplace, when compared to their autochthonous colleagues. Furthermore, a systematic analysis of outpatient nursing care providers with regard to the extent of cross-cultural opening 2 is still missing.
Objectives of the project
The research project has the following five objectives:
Module 1:
Systematic overview of international scientific evidence on the health of migrant and minority nurses
Module 2:
Identification of psychosocial health at the workplace of migrant and minority nurses
Module 3:
Identification of psychosocial health in the workplace of 24-hour carers
Module 4:
Current state of organizational orientation of outpatient nursing services in Hamburg towards migrants
Module 5:
Comparative quantification of psychosocial health in the workplace of nurses with and without a migration background
This research project aims to contribute to a systematic scientific assessment of strains and resources in the cross-cultural work of nursing care and to identify capabilities for reducing occupational stress. In the long term, this is intended to improve both the working, as well as the health situation of nurses with and without a migration background.
This study represents a move towards identifying and quantifying stressors as well as resources of nurses with and without a migration background in the workplace.
2 Cross-cultural refers to the orientation of an organisation in order to reduce the barriers to access for migrants. Structures and processes should be changed in such a way that migrants are afforded equal social and institutional participation [8].
References
[1]
STATISTISCHES BUNDESAMT (2009). Bevölkerung Deutschlands bis 2060 – Ergebnisse der 12. Koordinierten Bevölkerungsvorausberechnung. Wiesbaden.
Online:
https://www.destatis.de/DE/ZahlenFakten/GesellschaftStaat/Bevoelkerung/Bevoelkerungsvorausberechnung/Tabellen/VorausberechnungDeutschland.xls?__blob=publicationFile
[2]
STATISTISCHES BUNDESAMT (2015). Pflegestatistik 2013. Pflege im Rahmen der Pflegeversicherung. Deutschlandergebnisse. Wiesbaden.
Online:
https://www.destatis.de/DE/Publikationen/Thematisch/Gesundheit/Pflege/PflegeDeutschlandergebnisse5224001139004.pdf;jsessionid=400D11DEEF2FE3A2DA47A05C85B00C85.cae1?__blob=publicationFile
[3]
AFENTAKIS, A.; MAIER, T. (2014). Können Pflegekräfte aus dem Ausland den wachsenden Pflegebedarf decken? Analysen zur Arbeitsmigration in Pflegeberufen im Jahr 2010. In: Statistisches Bundesamt (Hrsg.). Wirtschaft und Statistik, pp. 173-182.
[4]
STATISTISCHES BUNDESAMT (2016). Bevölkerungsstand. Wiesbaden.
Online:
https://www.destatis.de/DE/ZahlenFakten/GesellschaftStaat/Bevoelkerung/Bevoelkerungsstand/Bevoelkerungsstand.html
[5]
DIE BEAUFTRAGTE DER BUNDESREGIERUNG FÜR MIGRATION, FLÜCHTLINGE UND INTEGRATION (2014). 10. Bericht der Beauftragten für Migration, Flüchtlinge und Integration über die Lage der Ausländerinnen und Ausländer in Deutschland. Berlin.
Online:
https://www.bundesregierung.de/Content/DE/_Anlagen/IB/2014-10-29-Lagebericht-lang.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=4
[6]
DEUTSCHE GESELLSCHAFT FÜR INTERNATIONALE ZUSAMMENARBEIT (GIZ) GmbH (2015). Nachhaltig ausgerichtete Gewinnung von Pflegekräften (Triple Win). Bonn.
Online:
https://www.giz.de/de/weltweit/20322.html
[7]
NEUHAUS, A.; ISFORT, M.; WEIDNER, F. (2009): Situation und Bedarfe von Familien mit mittel- und osteuropäischen Haushaltshilfen. Deutsches Institut für angewandte Pflegeforschung e.V., Köln.
Online:
http://www.dip.de (Zugang nur für registrierte Nutzer)
[8]
Gesemann, F.; Roth, R.; Aumüller, J. (2012). Stand der kommunalen Integrationspolitik in Deutschland. Studie erstellt für das Bundesministerium für Verkehr, Bau und Stadtentwicklung und die Beauftragte der Bundesregierung für Migration, Flüchtlinge und Integration. Berlin.
Online:
http://www.bundesregierung.de/Content/DE/_Anlagen/IB/2012-05-04-kommunalstudie.pdf?__blob=publicationFile